Aristolochia is a large plant genus with over 500
species that is the namesake (type genus) of the family (Aristolochiaceae). Its
members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are
widespread and occur in the most diverse climates The smooth stem is erect or
somewhat twining. The simple leaves are alternate and cordate, membranous,
growing on leaf stalks. There are no stipules.
The flowers grow in the leaf axils. They are inflated and
globose at the base, continuing as a long perianth tube, ending in a
tongue-shaped, brightly colored lobe. There is no corolla. The calyx is one to
three whorled, and three to six toothed. The sepals are united (gamosepalous). There
are six to 40 stamens in one whorl. They are united with the style, forming a
gynostemium. The ovary is inferior and is four to six locular. These flowers
have a specialized pollination mechanism. The plants are aromatic and their
strong scent[2] attracts insects. The inner part of the perianth tube is
covered with hairs, acting as a fly-trap. These hairs then wither to release
the fly, covered with pollen. The fruit is dehiscent capsule with many
endospermic seeds.
Due to their spectacular flowers, several species are used as
ornamental plants (Wikipedia)
